Is this a door going to the inside of your house or outside? Can you just change the swing so that it swings out of the garage instead of in?

Does this affect how the hinge pin door stops would work?

Those are a poor choice for this application. They are intended for light weight interior doors.

" Does anyone recognize the type of hinge I posted in the picture above? It looks different than standard hinges on all my other doors. "

Those are self closing hinges, they will not effectively work to stop a door from opening to far.

105S-716 Glynn Johnson 100 Series Heavy Duty Concealed Overhead Stop. Or similar